Studia Theologica 2013, 15(2):238-252 | DOI: 10.5507/sth.2013.0271116

Dobrý had a jelen. Dva obrazy Krista v kázání svatého Ambrože

David Vopřada

Good Serpent and Deer: Two Symbols of Christ in the Preaching of St Ambrose

Saint Ambrose (died 397) employs two zoological symbols of Christ to introduce his audience deeper into the mystery of Christ. Firstly, the paper analyses the symbol of the good serpent used by the Bishop of Milan to describe all of the history of salvation from the original purity of the first man, through his fall, the coming and victory of Christ the Saviour to the calling of the Christian faithful to become good serpents who will enter into the glory of Christ, the Good Serpent. Secondly, it studies the image of a deer surrounded by enemies and winning over the serpent, which primarily represents the divine attributes of Christ. Simultaneously, this symbol represents an invitation addressed to the Church of Milan at the end of the 4th century to listen to the voice of Christ when persecuted by those who denied Christ's divinity. We come to the conclusion that both symbols allowed his audience to understand God's activity as a present-day reality which the faithful can enter into. At the same time, they embody a means to clarify one of the essential truths of the Christian faith, i.e. that Christ heals humanity poisoned by sin directly in the misery of sin and death which was part of the Milanese Christians' lives on the level of both social and economic crisis, and in the conflict with other religious groups. Both images exemplify an exhortation as to how to behave in the present-day situation: the faithful, similar to the serpent, are supposed to bring testimony-martyrdom and contemplate the coming of Christ the Word with the acute eyes of a deer.

Keywords: Latin Patristics; Ambrose of Milan; Patristic Exegesis; Preaching; Serpent; Deer; the Mystery of Christ

Zveřejněno: červen 2013 

Zobrazit celý článek

Reference

  1. Giuseppe Visonà, Cronologia ambrosiana: Bibliografia ambrosiana, Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana; Roma: Città Nuova, 2004.
  2. David Vopřada, Fidus mysteriorum interpres: Commento al Salmo 118 di sant'Ambrogio come approfondimento mistagogico dell'iniziazione cristiana della Chiesa di Milano, diss. doct., Roma: Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, 2012.
  3. Luigi F. Pizzolato, "Ambrogio e Paolino di Nola: Per una più precisa datazione della Expositio psalmi cxviii di Ambrogio," in Polyanthema: Studi di letteratura cristiana antica offerti a Salvatore Costanza, ed. Lietta De Salvo, Messina: Sicania, 1989.
  4. Vincent R. Vasey, The Social Ideas in the Works of St. Ambrose: A Study on De Nabuthe, Roma: Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, 1982.
  5. Hans von Campenhausen, Ambrosius von Mailand als Kirchenpolitiker, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1929. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  6. JeanRémy Palanque, Saint Ambroise et l'Empire Romain: Contribution à l'histoire des rapports de l'Église et de l'État à la fin du quatrième siècle, Paris: de Boccard, 1935.
  7. Frederick Homes Dudden, The Life and Times of St. Ambrose, sv. 1, Oxford: Clarendon, 1935.
  8. Richard Klein, Symmachus: Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1971.
  9. Neil B. McLynn, Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  10. Cesare Pasini, Ambrogio di Milano: Azione e pensiero di un vescovo, Cinisello Balsamo: San Paolo, 1996.
  11. Hervé Savon, Ambroise de Milan (340-397), Paris: Desclée, 1997.
  12. Kirsten GrossAlbenhausen, Imperator christianus: Der christliche Kaiser bei Ambrosius und Johannes Chrysostomus, Frankfurt a. M.: Martha Clauss, 1999.
  13. Ernst Dassmann, Ambrosius von Mailand: Leben und Werk, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2004.
  14. Lellia Cracco Ruggini, "Ambrogio e le opposizioni anticattoliche fra il 383 e il 390," Augustinianum 14 (1974): 418. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  15. Animali simbolici: Alle origini del bestiario cristiano, sv. 1, ed. Maria Pia Ciccarese, Bologna: EDB, 2002.
  16. Walter Burkert, Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1977.
  17. Elpis Mitropoulou, Deities and Heroes in the Form of Snakes, Athens: Pyli, 1977.
  18. Iamblichos, Život Pýthagorův.
  19. James A. Kelhoffer, Miracle and Mission: The Authentication of Missionaries and Their Message in the Longer Ending of Mark, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000.
  20. Oxford Latin Dictiory, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
  21. Marco Navoni, "Cristo radice di ogni bene nel magistero di sant'Ambrogio," L'Osservatore Romano 148, č. 72 (2008): 5.
  22. HenriCharles Puech, "Le cerf et le serpent: Note sur le symbolisme de la mosaïque découverte au baptistère de l'henchir Messaouda," Cahiers Archéologiques 4 (1949): 17-60.
  23. Mario Girardi, "Il cervo in lotta col serpente: Esegesi e simbolica antiariana nell'Omelia sul Salmo 28 di Basilio di Cesarea," Annali di Storia dell'Esegesi 4 (1987): 67-85.
  24. Joan Esch, La chiesa di San Pietro di Spoleto: La facciata e le sculture, Firenze: L. S. Olschki, 1981.

Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), která umožňuje distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


Zpět na obsah